International Convention on Human Rights (ICHR)

NGO Draft International Convention

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Article 25

(1) Every child has the right to a name and a nationality from birth and to parental care, or to appropriate alternative care when removed from the family environment. Children 16 or younger shall not work during school hours unless provisions for home schooling have been established, as defined by law. Parents shall have responsibility for raising and caring for their children and must assure that, in partnership with the government, their children complete school through a secondary degree.

(2) If a child is detained, then he or she has the right to be kept separately from detained persons over the age of 18 years and kept in conditions that take account of the child's age. No child under 18 may be used in armed conflict, even voluntarily.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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Article 25.

(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

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Article 24

1. Every child shall have, without any discrimination as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, national or social origin, property or birth, the right to such measures of protection as are required by his status as a minor, on the part of his family, society and the State.

2. Every child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have a name.

3. Every child has the right to acquire a nationality.

Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

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Article 10

The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that:

1. The widest possible protection and assistance should be accorded to the family, which is the natural and fundamental group unit of society, particularly for its establishment and while it is responsible for the care and education of dependent children. Marriage must be entered into with the free consent of the intending spouses.

2. Special protection should be accorded to mothers during a reasonable period before and after childbirth. During such period working mothers should be accorded paid leave or leave with adequate social security benefits.

3. Special measures of protection and assistance should be taken on behalf of all children and young persons without any discrimination for reasons of parentage or other conditions. Children and young persons should be protected from economic and social exploitation. Their employment in work harmful to their morals or health or dangerous to life or likely to hamper their normal development should be punishable by law. States should also set age limits below which the paid employment of child labour should be prohibited and punishable by law.

European Convention on Human Rights

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African Charter on Human Rights

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American Convention on Human Rights

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